Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder particularly prevalent in Nigeria — the country has the highest burden of SCD globally, with an estimated 150,000 babies born with the condition each year. It causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, leading to pain crises, organ damage, and shortened life expectancy.
Find a Haematology SpecialistSymptoms
- Episodes of severe pain (pain crises)
- Chronic anaemia and fatigue
- Swelling in hands and feet
- Frequent infections
- Delayed growth in children
- Vision problems
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes)
When to See a Doctor
If you or your child has sickle cell disease, you need regular haematologist visits (every 3-6 months). Seek emergency care for severe pain crises, sudden vision changes, signs of stroke, fever above 38.5°C, or difficulty breathing.
Treatment Options
- Hydroxyurea (reduces crisis frequency)
- Pain management during crises
- Blood transfusions
- Folic acid supplements
- Bone marrow/stem cell transplant (potential cure)
- Pneumococcal and other vaccinations
Common Questions
What genotypes cause sickle cell?
SS genotype causes sickle cell disease (SCD). SC causes a milder form. AS is the carrier trait — carriers don't have SCD but can pass the gene. Two AS carriers have a 25% chance of having an SS child.
Should I do genotype testing before marriage?
Absolutely. Genotype testing is critical before marriage in Nigeria. If both partners are AS, genetic counselling is strongly recommended to understand the risks for your children.
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