Nephrology, by video or in person
Protein in Urine (Proteinuria)
The signs, the danger signs that mean hospital now, and how to see a doctor by video from anywhere in Nigeria.
Signs to look for
Protein in Urine (Proteinuria)
- Usually no symptoms, found on a urine test
- Foamy or frothy urine that persists
- Swelling of the ankles, legs, around the eyes or face, when protein loss is heavy
- Weight gain from fluid
- Tiredness
Healthy kidneys keep protein in the blood, so only a tiny amount passes into the urine. Finding protein in a urine test can be temporary and harmless, for example after a fever, hard exercise or with a urine infection, so the test is usually repeated. Protein that stays can be an early sign of kidney damage, most often from diabetes or high blood pressure, and less often from kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis), sickle cell disease, HIV or some medicines. A urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) measures it accurately. Picking it up early matters, because treatment can protect the kidneys and lower the risk of heart disease.
Medically reviewed by Dr Debo Odulana, Founder and Chief Executive, Mezo. Last reviewed . This page is general information, not a diagnosis. Care is decided with you after an examination.
Symptoms
- Usually no symptoms, found on a urine test
- Foamy or frothy urine that persists
- Swelling of the ankles, legs, around the eyes or face, when protein loss is heavy
- Weight gain from fluid
- Tiredness
When to See a Doctor
Go to a hospital now if you have heavy swelling with breathlessness, are passing very little or no urine, are passing blood or dark urine with swelling, or feel very unwell. See a doctor if a urine test shows protein, so it can be repeated and measured with an ACR test, especially if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, sickle cell disease or a family history of kidney disease. A nephrologist can explain the result and decide which further tests you need.
Treatment options
- A repeat urine test and an ACR to confirm it
- Blood tests for kidney function, sugar and cholesterol
- Good control of blood pressure and blood sugar
- Blood pressure medicines called ACE inhibitors or ARBs, which also protect the kidneys
- Other kidney-protecting medicines for some people, as a specialist advises
- Less salt, no smoking, and avoiding painkillers such as ibuprofen and diclofenac without advice
- Specialist tests, sometimes a kidney biopsy, when the cause is unclear
Common Questions
Does protein in urine mean my kidneys are failing?
Not necessarily. It is often found early, when kidney function is still normal, and treatment at that stage can protect the kidneys. It is a reason to find the cause, not a diagnosis of kidney failure.
Should I eat less protein?
Most people do not need to cut protein. Very high-protein diets and supplements are best avoided. A doctor or dietitian can advise if your kidney function is reduced.
Can a nephrologist review my results by video?
Yes. A kidney specialist can go through your urine and blood results on a call, decide which tests are needed, and adjust your blood pressure and diabetes medicines.
Need Help?
A kidney specialist on a video call, who reads your kidney results, adjusts your medicines and says when you need to be seen in person.
See a nephrologist by videoIf any of the danger signs on this page applies, go to the nearest hospital now instead.
Find a verified nephrology specialist near you.
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