Neurosurgery, by video or in person
Spina Bifida
The signs, the danger signs that mean hospital now, and how to see a doctor by video from anywhere in Nigeria.
Signs to look for
Spina Bifida
- A sac or open area on a newborn's back
- Weakness or no movement in the legs
- A dimple, tuft of hair, birthmark or fatty lump over the lower spine, in closed types
- Problems with bladder and bowel control as the child grows
- Signs of fluid on the brain: a growing head or bulging soft spot
Spina bifida is a gap in a baby's spine that forms early in pregnancy, when the spine does not close fully. In the open types, myelomeningocele and meningocele, the spinal cord or its coverings push out through the gap in a sac on the back. These are more serious and are usually closed by surgery within the first days after birth. Many of these babies also develop hydrocephalus and need a shunt. In the closed types, the gap is covered by skin and many people have no symptoms. Not having enough folic acid in early pregnancy raises the risk.
Medically reviewed by Dr Debo Odulana, Founder and Chief Executive, Mezo. Last reviewed . This page is general information, not a diagnosis. Care is decided with you after an examination.
Symptoms
- A sac or open area on a newborn's back
- Weakness or no movement in the legs
- A dimple, tuft of hair, birthmark or fatty lump over the lower spine, in closed types
- Problems with bladder and bowel control as the child grows
- Signs of fluid on the brain: a growing head or bulging soft spot
When to See a Doctor
A newborn with an open sac or wound on the back needs a hospital with a newborn unit today. Cover it with a clean, moist, non-stick dressing, lay the baby on the tummy or side and do not press on it. Go to a hospital now if a baby with spina bifida has a bulging soft spot, vomiting, drowsiness or a fit. See a doctor if you notice a dimple, a tuft of hair or a lump over a baby's lower spine, or if an older child develops new leg weakness or bladder problems.
Treatment options
- Surgery to close open spina bifida, usually within the first days after birth
- A shunt for hydrocephalus, when fluid builds up
- Physiotherapy, braces or walking aids
- Bladder and bowel care from a urologist and the children's team
- Folic acid before and in early pregnancy to lower the risk in future pregnancies
What it costs on Mezo
Starting cash prices for the treatments used for this condition.
Common Questions
Can spina bifida be found before birth?
Often, yes, on the anomaly ultrasound scan in mid-pregnancy. Finding it early lets the family plan the birth at a hospital with a newborn unit and a neurosurgeon.
How can I lower the risk in my next pregnancy?
Take folic acid before you start trying and through early pregnancy. If a previous baby had spina bifida, a higher dose is usually advised, so ask a doctor before you conceive.
Does closed spina bifida need surgery?
Usually not. Many people with the closed type have no symptoms. Surgery is considered only if the cord is tethered and causing weakness, pain or bladder problems.
Need Help?
A children's doctor on a video call, who tells you whether your child needs to be examined in person.
See a paediatrician by videoIf any of the danger signs on this page applies, go to the nearest hospital now instead.
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The guidelines and patient information this page is checked against. Care in Nigeria follows the same evidence; what differs is the price and where it is done.
- Spina bifida. NHS. Patient information.
Links last checked 3 November 2026.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.