Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormone condition in women of reproductive age. The ovaries produce more male-type hormones (androgens) than usual and often do not release an egg each month. It is closely linked to insulin resistance, which is why weight gain makes it worse and why women with PCOS have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Despite the name, PCOS is not a disease of cysts: the 'cysts' on scan are small follicles that have not matured. There is no cure, but the symptoms and the fertility problems can be treated well.
Find a Gynaecology SpecialistMedically reviewed by Dr Debo Odulana, Founder and Chief Executive, Mezo. Last reviewed . This page is general information, not a diagnosis. Care is decided with you after an examination.
Symptoms
- Irregular, infrequent or absent periods
- Excess hair on the face, chin, chest or abdomen
- Acne that persists into adulthood
- Thinning hair on the scalp
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Dark, velvety skin patches on the neck or armpits
- Difficulty getting pregnant
When to See a Doctor
See a gynaecologist if your periods come less often than every 35 days or not at all, if you have excess hair growth or acne that does not respond to treatment, or if you have been trying to conceive without success. PCOS is diagnosed by putting together your periods, signs or blood tests of raised androgens, and an ultrasound, after other causes such as thyroid disease and raised prolactin are ruled out.
Treatment options
- Weight loss where it is needed: even a modest loss often restores periods and ovulation
- The combined pill or progestogens to regulate periods and protect the womb lining
- Treatments for excess hair and acne
- Metformin to improve insulin resistance
- Letrozole or clomiphene to bring on ovulation for women trying to conceive
- Ovarian drilling or IVF when other fertility treatment has not worked
- Regular checks for diabetes, cholesterol and blood pressure
Common Questions
Can I get pregnant with PCOS?
Yes. Many women with PCOS conceive naturally or with simple treatment to bring on ovulation, such as letrozole. Only a minority need IVF.
Is PCOS caused by something I did?
No. PCOS runs in families and its exact cause is not fully understood. Lifestyle affects how severe the symptoms are, but it is not caused by contraception or a past abortion, which are common myths.
Do I need to have my 'cysts' removed?
No. The small follicles seen in PCOS are not cysts that need surgery. Treatment is aimed at hormones, ovulation and long-term health.
Does PCOS go away after menopause?
Periods stop, so irregular cycles no longer matter, but the raised risk of diabetes and heart disease remains, which is why long-term checks continue.
Need Help?
Find a verified gynaecology specialist near you.
Gynaecology in Lagos →Gynaecology in Abuja →Gynaecology in Port Harcourt →Gynaecology in Jos →Gynaecology in Ibadan →Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.