Vasectomy in Nigeria: is it reversible, and does it affect performance?

What the operation actually does

Sperm are made in the testicles and travel up two thin tubes, the vas deferens, to mix with semen. A vasectomy cuts or seals these tubes so sperm can no longer reach the semen. The testicles stay where they are and keep working. Sperm that are still made are simply absorbed by the body.

It is done under local anaesthetic through one or two tiny openings in the scrotum, sometimes with no scalpel at all. It usually takes about 15 to 30 minutes and you go home the same day.

Myths Nigerian men hear, and the facts

Vasectomy is less common in Nigeria than elsewhere, and a lot of what men hear is not true:

• It is not castration. The testicles are not removed or damaged
• It does not reduce testosterone, so it does not change your voice, muscles, beard or sex drive
• It does not cause erection problems
• You still ejaculate. Most of semen is fluid from other glands, so men do not usually notice a difference
• It does not cause prostate cancer or heart disease on current evidence
• It does not protect against HIV or other sexually transmitted infections; condoms still do

Is it reversible?

Plan as if it is not. A reversal operation rejoins the tubes under a microscope, often under general anaesthetic, and is longer and more expensive than the vasectomy. Its chance of success falls the longer ago the vasectomy was, and even when sperm return, a pregnancy is not guaranteed. Freezing sperm before a vasectomy is an option but is costly and also not a guarantee.

So the right time for a vasectomy is when you are sure your family is complete, including if your circumstances change, such as a new marriage or a loss in the family. If you are unsure, a long-acting method for your partner, or condoms, may suit better for now.

Talking it through at home

The decision is yours, but it affects your partner, and many couples find it easier when they come to the consultation together. A good surgeon will take time to make sure you understand that it is meant to be permanent, and will not rush you on the day.

After the vasectomy

Expect some aching, swelling and bruising for a few days. Wear firm, supportive underwear, rest for a day or two, and avoid heavy lifting and sport for about a week. Most men with desk jobs return to work within a couple of days. Sex is usually fine after a few days once it is comfortable.

Sperm remain in the tubes beyond the cut for weeks after the operation. You need a semen test, usually about 12 weeks later, and you must keep using contraception until the result confirms there are no sperm. Missing this test is how unplanned pregnancies happen after vasectomy.

See a doctor if the scrotum becomes very swollen, painful or hot, or you develop a fever. A small number of men have long-lasting testicle ache afterwards; ask your surgeon about this before you decide.

Common questions